Right-to-repair legislation requires manufacturers to make available to consumers and independent repair shops the documentation, replacement parts, diagnostic tools, and firmware needed to repair their products. The movement spans consumer electronics, vehicles, medical devices, and agricultural equipment, with each sector having its own dynamics.
Several states — including New York, Minnesota, California, and Colorado — have enacted right-to-repair laws covering consumer electronics or agricultural equipment. Farmers have pushed particularly hard for tractor repair access. The FTC unanimously supported right-to-repair principles in 2021. Some manufacturers have voluntarily expanded repair-parts availability and self-repair programs.
Debates center on the scope of covered products, security and safety concerns when third parties modify firmware, intellectual property protection, warranties, and whether voluntary manufacturer programs are enough or legislation is needed.